An Analysis of Counterfeit Culture in Fashion Essay

Among the social constructs that exist in most cultures and societies, fashion is probably one of the most ambiguous; it can be purposive yet frivolous, essential yet expressive, and functional yet influential.   What started as mere protection from the elements has become a global industry that defines generations and mindsets, producing lifestyles and preferences that are adhered to by large segments of world population.   This phenomenon is linked to the creation of brands and branding—symbols of a particular lifestyle choice that may reflect certain values and beliefs, which ultimately translate into an economy marked by persuasion and aspiration. Popular culture has appropriated fashion and its related concepts in a multitude of ways, and has contributed to the growth of a significant number of brands.   An excellent example of this is the practice of celebrity endorsement, wherein brands are assigned to famous individuals—those who have gained success and equivalent reputations in their chosen areas of expertise—and fashion is probably the most visible.   The lure and appeal of these celebrities instantly affect consumer behavior, and assure economic success for the fashion brand owner. Likewise, a celebrity increases his or her status by being associated with brands that have a positive, aspirational image—which is then communicated to the consumer.   This is perhaps the single most important reason why certain brands are coveted; and such desire is measured in its practical effects:   increased sales, brand growth, and higher tag prices.   However, these results also correlate with negative practices, and one of the most controversial is the production of counterfeit goods. The journey of the garment, which is the basic unit of fashion, traces a long road from its beginnings in the mind and hands of its creator—the designer—who must have included the necessary components for protection and expression, combined with style.   Now, a single garment already connotes bigger concepts of identity and socio-political notions; but the dangers of counterfeiting threatens to redefine the social and political aspects associated with an original creation, as well as the stripping of its unique identity. If the goal of counterfeiting is to help individuals with their status and self-esteem issues, then the act could be evaluated on the level of psychological support and alternative means of coping; but since counterfeiting fashion goods is not ever likely to have this altruistic objective at its core, there can be no other way to define it but downright stealing and infringement. Counterfeiting, as evident in its proliferation worldwide, is a profitable business; people involved in it—the producers and consumers—are liable for their actions.   While consumers could be incorrectly seen as passive participants in the transaction, producers have no other reason to be in it but to claim rights and profits meant for the original source. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Practice of Counterfeiting Fashion Counterfeit goods are defined by Rutter and Bryce (1146) as â€Å"those which illegally imitate, copy or duplicate a good or use a trademark without authorization†, and thus are subject to certain parameters and criteria that will reveal its true source.   The practice of counterfeiting is a trade no longer new, but its occurrence in fashion and its high-profile industry has produced effects that delve not just on appropriating someone else’s ideas—it is now an industry in itself, founded on the copied factors of design and appeal, and, most importantly, on the deliberate attempt to claim the benefits originally meant for the source. Key in this discussion is the level of desire associated with a particular fashion item, which necessarily stems from the popularity and reputation achieved by a brand.   In order to sustain this kind of exclusive image, most fashion brands use leverage on price and availability—the more expensive and limited, the better chances they have for assuming desire, apart from the given quality and originality of design. Therefore, if a fashion item is deemed unreachable or exists in limited quantities, it almost always translates to promoting want and desire in consumers.   Take for instance the Hermes Birkin, an ordinary-looking ladies’ handbag that uses the strategy of exclusivity; with its hefty tag price and buying procedure of having prospective buyers on a list that may be addressed after months—even years—the item has realized its status as a must-have for the status seeker. Counterfeiting enters the picture at this point, taking advantage of the limited production and availability.   Fake Birkins are now introduced, which greatly diminishes the value placed on the original, whether or not marks of identification are put in place.   International fashion brands have become victims of the counterfeiting trade, based on the documented $15.8 billion in terms of losses in total sales of all counterfeited products (Rutter and Bryce 1148).   The original standpoints on the social and political meanings of fashion within the areas of identity and culture have now been taken over by the issues of equality and class. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   China and the Economy of Counterfeiting The process of counterfeiting in its affinity with controversy would not have reached great heights if not for the participation of the producer and the consumer.   News and information in recent years have pointed to specific locales where counterfeiting originates on a large scale, and China—the biggest among several countries involved in the practice—is perhaps the most significant player in the industry. With its huge land area and population, the ascent of China toward economic superiority is apparent, and is acknowledged as the potential determinant of world fashion and its future (Mead 419).   However, its issues regarding its history and politics have pushed the Chinese toward a work ethic of hardship and the idea of quantity (Mead 424), believing that this attitude equates to a richer, better life.   Its sheer size and the persevering quality of its people have made China a major target of international companies, in the same way acknowledging that China has the capability of producing any random commodity required by the market (Pang 120). These two factors, size and capacity, are the same factors that have allowed the Chinese to take on jobs that pay less than required by their Western counterparts, thus making them the perfect players in the goal of mass-producing consumer goods.   Apparel brands such as Nike and Adidas (Pang 129), to name a few, have been manufactured in China for some time; the presence of these coveted brands in the same work environment can eventually give rise to their counterfeit versions. China should not be mistaken as a country that disrespects ownership and originality of ideas; in fact, its history should always be appropriated, and the connections between the past and present should be made.   Work and production were the landmarks of Maoist China, and its recent adoption of capitalism has resulted in a fanaticism for Western brands. Putting these two together would allow one to understand the motivations behind the culture of counterfeiting in China—as it is but a product of opposing cultural and social values informed by history.   However, countries like China and other bastions of counterfeiting will not be able to justify their business any longer; stricter rules on counterfeit goods have been put in place in major locales around the world, and arguments of tradition and historical events will soon become passe and inconsqeuential. IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Fashion Consumer in the Counterfeit World The consumer of counterfeit goods in general is often referred to as the ‘other’ (Rutter and Bryce 1149), and rightly so—for the consumption of products already known to be fake and copied reveals a statement that corresponds to the consumer’s social, political, and economic status, as well as ideology.   These are people who have been excluded from the privilege of affording merchandise that may be too costly or unavailable, yet possess a desire to achieve the same effects gleaned from ownership.

Macbeth Hallucinations

Desires of the Subconscious In the tragedy, Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses motifs as a way to portray several different underlined themes of his work. Of the numerous themes, one in particular is applied throughout the entire story, this motif being hallucinations. Even while mans conscious is actively thinking, his subconscious is also thinking. It is thinking about the true desires of ones heart. The subconscious also thinks about guilt and what it wants to forget about. These two ideas of the subconscious come alive in this tragedy through hallucinations.In the beginning of the tragedy, Macbeth receives a prophecy that he will become king. His aspiration for becoming king clouds his conscience. He desires to become king so much that he and Lady Macbeth create a plan to murder Duncan and take his power. While they are carrying out the plan, Macbeth sees something in front of him. This is further shown in the quote, â€Å"Is this a dagger which I see before me. the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. I have not, and yet I see thee still.Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight, or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from a heat-oppressed brain? † (2. 1. 33-39) This hallucination is particularly interesting. At this point in the tragedy, Macbeth is having second thoughts about murdering Duncan. As he hallucinates of a bloody dagger pointing towards Duncan’s room, it shows the reader that he is yearning to become king so badly that he would murder for it. Though the reader doesn’t see this from Macbeth’s exterior emotions, it is depicted through his subconscious.In the next act, Macbeth kills his best friend, Banquo, because he is becoming suspicious of the murder. Shakespeare shows Macbeth growing guilty of this act through another illusion in the quote, â€Å" If I stand here, I saw him†¦ Blood hath been shed ere now, i’ th’ olden time, Ere humane sta tue purged the gentle weal; Ay, and since too, murders have been performed Too terrible for the ear. The time has been and there an end. But now they rise again With twenty mortal murders on their crowns And push us from our stools. This is more strange Than such a murder is. (3. 4. 89-99) As the story continues, Macbeth feels more and more guilt building up on him. This guilt persuades his subconscious to form a mirage of Banquo, arriving to dinner with him. This shows the reader that Macbeth is feeling overwhelming guiltiness. As Lady Macbeth played a large role in the murders of Duncan, Banquo and Macduff’s family, she is also being plagued with guilt. This is shown when she is sleep walking in the following quote, â€Å"Here's the smell of blood still. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.Oh, oh, oh! † (5. 1. 49-51) In this quote, the blood that Lady Macbeth sees on her hands represents guilt. The hands represent her mind. Therefore, Lady Ma cbeth can’t disguise her guilt in anyway so much as to say that all of the perfumes of Arabia cannot overpower the guilt she feels. Shakespeare uses the motif of hallucinations to illustrate the theme that what man hallucinates is what man either wants to see or what he wants to forget about. This is shown in Macbeth before the murder of Duncan, after the murder of Banquo and at the end of the book.

Community Cohesion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Community Cohesion - Essay Example Some Major Housing Policies and Their Role in Community Cohesion: Choice based lettings or CBL is a social housing allotment system. Social housing allocations give individuals the right to practice their own discretion while choosing a social housing property. To apply for getting a house in a comfortable society is the main thing that strengthens the attachment between a person and the community to which he belongs. The policy is based on the idea of making the community more comprehensive, practicable and firm. Moreover, it aims at achieving a nationwide success by the year 2010. People belonging to every community have their certain choices and Choice Based Lettings is such a policy that enables them to choose property according to their tastes. For that reason the system automatically brings like-minded people together to a certain area establishing effective community cohesion among them. Currently, CBL makes the opportunity of choosing property not only available to the rich, but also to the lower middle class families. Houses are to be rent ed that have been brought under the coverage of CBL and this scrupulous step has been very constructive for people belonging to the above-mentioned group. For that reason, this policy has been able to bring people with equal affordability jointly resulting in the establishment of community cohesion from the perspective of economy. (Cantle, 2005) A number of the most underprivileged regions in UK have always made community cohesion a difficult task for the government. Therefore, it has always been the UK government's look out to solve their problems in an organized and intensive way. The main focus was to bring the complementary neighbourhoods as one. New Deal for Communities is an approach of UK government to tackle this...A call for community cohesion as a part of UK housing policy was felt soon after Bradford, Oldham and Burnley was beset by a series of ethnic disturbances in 2001. These localities have failed to establish Britain as a successful multicultural state in the eyes of the common man. The urban unrest in Bradford, Oldham and Burnley questioned the efficacy of housing departments and local councils in maintaining social and economic equality. The segregation of the traditional ethnic groups from the deprived communities indicated a ‘lack of community cohesion’. Soon after the London Bombings of July, 2005, the need for community cohesion to combat fundamentalism and terrorism became all the more indispensable. The Institute for Community Cohesion did not agree to the idea of fighting extremism as the only possible measure to promote community consciousness, as this overlooked the other divisive forces in society. (Wetherell, Laflà ¨che, Berkeley, 2007) The initial initiatives of the government to build community cohesion were looked upon as a measure to wipe out racial tensions and strife in the ethnically estranged communities, borne out of deprivation and lack of scope for spatial communication. While the authorities in favour of community cohesion to fight ethnic differences contend that expanding its scope would constrain its effectiveness in dealing with racial differences, there are others, who support the broader scope of community cohesion, argued that a variety of community differences required to be addressed, both within and beyond the community.

Cultural Homogenization and the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Homogenization and the Internet - Essay Example Homogenization means being similar and parallel to the other thing. The term cultural homogenization is a relatively new term as it has evolved recently. The world we live in today is becoming more of a global village. This means that with the ever changing technology, it is shrinking as means of communication with each other, no matter how far apart, are becoming faster than ever before. Cultural homogenization is the blending of cultures as they become more related to each other and their uniqueness is being reduced. We are going towards forming a more global culture as new traditions, ideas, and values will be formed which align in a better way with the global arena of today. Another unique point of this new culture will be that, unlike the old individual cultures, this global culture will dominate many societies and might even be recognized as the super culture. Internet is a worldwide connection of computers that allows man to communicate with each other more faster and has crea ted many changes in the society. It was developed in the 1960’s but it gained popularity and momentum in the 1990’s when the worldwide web was developed. After that there was an explosion of people who were ready for the vast world that was opened to them. Now people could access information about anything and any part of the world. It allowed for the advancement, exploration, and the quenching of the thirst for knowledge for scientists, researchers and people across the globe. Some of the effects that the internet has had on the global culture are that now different countries are able to advance, as getting education is much easier and faster because of the advancements in technology. It has been discovered that internet is used more for education rather than for entertainment purposes. Therefore, when people have more education the country is able to progress at a rapid rate. The internet has affected the global culture in a way that marketing and sales transactions are easier. The marketers have new ways and methods for advertising their products without any geographical limitations. They post anything on the internet and within seconds, the entire world is able to look at it. This leads to a growth in businesses and ultimately to the growth of economies around the world. Now businesses can run on the internet solely and worldwide organizations are able to advance. One advantage that the internet has provided to the people across the world is that they can study the cultures, which are different from theirs. Prior to this, the people either had to travel all the way to the place to find out the culture or had to read a book. With internet, this can be done merely in seconds and people can get knowledge about the culture of a certain country before going there or before conducting business transactions with the people of that country. This will give them information on the cultural sensitivities so that they do not offend anyone by mistake. Wit h all these advancements taking place and people regularly getting similar information, a global view of the world is being formed in which people around the globe have a similar perspective on the different aspects of life, for instance, people’s acceptance to greater diversity. This happens when people like the culture of a different country and out of their own

Indonesian Arts And Craft Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Indonesian Arts And Craft - Article Example They also comprise of Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims and animists living in historic places, bamboo huts, city apartments as well as long houses. Indonesian craftwork reflects the customs, religions, history and modern influences. Craftwork can be divided into three groups namely those of outer Indonesia, those of inner Indonesia and those affiliated to Islam. Indonesian art comprises of designs from Islamic or Chinese beliefs and symbols, Buddhist and Hindu designs brought by traders from India, ancestor worship and early animistic worship and beliefs (Expat, 2014). Indonesians have preferred to concentrate on culture rather than the economy and politics. The numerous ethnic groups and religions in Indonesia form part of the cultural richness and diversity in the nation. Each ethnic group has its own theatre, dance and storytelling tradition. The oldest known dance and theatre tradition of Indonesia can be found in Java (Bunanta and MacDonald, 2003). The shadow puppet theater also known as the wayang kulit has been in existence for years and is one of the most famous arts in Indonesia (Bunanta and MacDonald, 2003). The shadow puppet is made using leather. In fact, wayang kulit means shadow made by leather. The shadow puppet was mainly influenced by Hindu and Islam, although western culture also played a significant role. Painting has been part and parcel of the culture of Indonesia for many years. In the nineteenth century, Indonesian painting became very popular. This was after the arrival of the Dutch and other Europeans. Lamoureux points out that â€Å"today there are extensive artists colonies in Yogyakarta and the surrounding area, in central Java, and in Bali† (2003, p. 148). The most recognized painting is the Balinese style. In this style of painting, â€Å"artists fill their canvasses with details of daily life and mythology† (Lamoureux, 2003, p. 148). This painting has however changed since the Pita Maha revolution; the new style

Title should be chosen by the writer in accordance to the essay

Title should be chosen by the writer in accordance to the instruction - Essay Example The argument behind the above move is that companies stand to benefit through the use of a single set of metrics in gauging human capital. Erica Karop, Head of Global Sector Research at UBS Investments Bank, one of the participants, explained that any client choosing between two banks is most likely to choose and factor the one that spends much more on training and rewarding its workforce, which translates to lower turnover of employees – a costly expense to most organizations (Green, 2012). The U. S. HR Policy Association (HRPA), a lobby group with a membership of more than 300 top HR managers in the U.S, noted that in the current business environment, information regarding how much a company spends on training, and the type of workforce the company hires would be much more important to rival companies than to potential investors (Green, 2012). Therefore, as the business environment rapidly evolves, companies have to be more creative and innovative in training, motivating, an d retaining their workforce to remain competitive in the global market. ... Organizations are rapidly changing their operations towards larger customer oriented units and relying on a rich set of integration mechanisms within these entities. This largely results in different forms of internal hybrids that enhance lateral sharing of individual and organization knowledge, aimed at achieving economies of scale and scope. Similarly, as Green (2012) elaborates, companies through the HR have to strategize on setting a single set of metrics to gauge all the manpower, in ensuring effective integration of these business units as businesses reshape into larger customer oriented units according to the global business environment. Weber’s bureaucracy theory presents the best scenario of the new organizational forms. Clegg et al. (2012) note that Weber’s bureaucracy theory requires that jurisdictional areas be well specified with activities that are well distributed as personal official duties, whereas the traditional approach requires activities to be dele gated by the leader and can be changed at any particular time. In addition, Weber noted that officials in the organization have to be chosen based on technical qualifications, appointed and not elected, and well compensated to motivate them to perform. To ensure low turnover of employees, as Green (2012) explains, Weber’s theory indicated that employment by an organization has to be a career where the worker is a fulltime employee and yearns to have a life long career where they get tenure of their respective positions and are insured against arbitrary dismissals (Clegg et al., 2012). In order to achieve these objectives, managers in different organizations embrace creative and innovative methods to recruit, train, and retain their workforce through different strategies that characterize

Construction Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Construction Law - Assignment Example This assignment intends to critically discuss the different structure and options in setting up and implementing a contract for construction procurement. The focus of this essay is primarily on one company that is typically decentralized without particularly strict headquarters’ control. This sector is chosen for the particular difficulties any procurement organization would likely face chief among which, is the perennial question about decision making and whether it is done centrally or locally. As an advisor, it is suggested by the researcher to hire three new people immediately. These three people would be an architect, a contractor, and an accountant, their importance, actions and duties is discussed in the assignment. It is concluded that balance sheets are taking a severe toll worldwide and liquidity is ever harder to come by especially since lending had virtually frozen. This combination of reduced liquidity, more difficult lending terms and the deteriorating trading en vironment in the wake of the recession in developed countries and creeping regulatory restrictions is making companies the world over to focus sharply on their procurement functions. While procurement has long been identified as an important contributor to operational performance in construction, it is widely overshadowed by more bottom-line or customer oriented functions like marketing and sales. That is why, with such projects, it is important to have an excellent architect, an excellent contractor, and an excellent accountant.

Year round schooling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Year round schooling - Research Paper Example But many parents prefer sending their kids to summer schools or course programs offered by the schools because most of them think it’d do their kid good. NAYRE has reported that now â€Å"3,181 public schools† are up and running all year round, compared with â€Å"408 schools in 1986-87† (2011). Year-round schooling is both good and bad, bringing with it both positive and negative. In a report published in 1994, â€Å"Prisoners of Time,† it was suggested that the schools which had moved on from the traditional schooling to the year round one, â€Å"better met the needs of contemporary society† and â€Å"resulted in an increased student achievement†. NAYRE was among the groups which pushed for a year round schooling system. Whereas groups like â€Å"Summer Matters†, remain convinced that the traditional calendar serves the need of the society best. Students in year round schools do not have the usual three-month like their peers in scho ols with a three-month summer vacations. But what do they have instead? Better education? Do they have better education? Are they less trouble for the parents? Is there a financial raise on house taxes that are needed to cover the funds for lunches and schools? Cut down on the time that could be spend learning other things like karate, or camping? The report answers these questions with the help of 6 reference news paper articles, which are: â€Å"The Case of Summer School.† By Linda Roberts, San Francisco. Jun. 2011. â€Å"Chief Proposes Year-Round Classes to Aid Programs.† By V. Dion Haynes, Washington Post. 04 Sept. 2006. â€Å"Parents circulating Petitions Against Year-Round Schooling.† By Lan Nguyen, Baltimore Sun. 12 Feb 1995. â€Å"We need Year-Round School to compete Globally.† By LZ Granderson, CNN. 10 May.2011 â€Å"The Case of Year-Round School.† By Bridge Schutle, Washington Post 7th June 2009. â€Å"Administrative Problems Related to the 11 or 12-month School Year.† By Childress R. Jack and Philippi A. Harlan, University Of North Carolina. Mar 1964. JSTOR. 14th July 2011. â€Å"Year-round School gains ground around U.S.† by Alex Johnson, MSNBC news. 27th Oct 2010. A number of districts allow parents to choose to send their kids to schools with year round schedules. Some have strict policies for the students to come to schools. All the parents are charged for the increased house taxes. So they might as well just go ahead and send their kids to school in the summers. But are these summers beneficial? If the kids stay at home what would they do instead? Indulge in fights. Do drugs. Watch wasteful undulating TV programs. It is true that a lot of students go to summer camps, or karate classes, or swimming lessons. But not all parents can afford to send their children to such places and so the children indulge in Huckle Berryfinn like activities. Summer vacations were first introduced when the kids were n eeded in the farms to help their parents cut the wheat and go fishing. But now a day’s most of the population lives in the big cities. Where there is nothing to do in the farms. So instead they waste their time. And to top it off, when they do get back to school after the three month vacation, they are so brain washed that the teachers have to spend an extra four to six weeks in revising what they did before summers and then bring the class on track. By that time most of the students are tired again and want another vacation. Many of the American students lack in most of the subjects these days. Granderson brings down American education by calling the kids â€Å"dumb† and unable to compete against the world’s smartest. The statistics that he presents state that most of the American children

How to stop data warehousing and mining before they become more Essay - 1

How to stop data warehousing and mining before they become more trouble than they are worth - Essay Example y service, promote efficient business operations and maintain the organizational productivity, avoiding disclosure of sensitive information and fraud and complying with the legislation. It is essential that the organizations understood the major principles of secure information systems implementation. Jeff Angus (2005) clearly demonstrates that the wrong and excessive security practices do nothing but harm the work, causing losses of money, time, and human labor, without providing the security the organization wanted to reach. He explains that very often the complexity of the initiatives overcomes the efforts, while there comes a moment when people and systems simply cannot cope with it, weakening the stability of system and protection. Angus points to the major error that can be committed by an organization concerned with its security: its concentration on â€Å"what might go wrong† instead of on â€Å"how to cope with the inevitable changes to their operations and business model†. While the organization spends money, energy and time overhead, it can be undercut by the changes in the market, so that it may lack the resources as a result. Mark Miller (2005) tries to highlight the reasons of the erroneous practices taking place. To his mind, the major problem is that computer security field is building â€Å"perpetual motion machines†, without distinguishing possible and impossible goals. Permanent frustration caused by such practices leads to the perception that â€Å"true computer security is impossible†, the breeches in protection are inevitable. This, Miller warns, may result in decrease of demand for the security information systems. First of all, Miller explains, it is necessary to understand that the security issue in the pattern of commerce cooperation is â€Å"how to safely obtain the benefits of interacting with the entities you do not trust†. It is also important to realize which of numerous and various models fits the best for achieving the purposes of the

An Industrial relations issue, its source and how to deal with this Essay

An Industrial relations issue, its source and how to deal with this - Essay Example When employees continue to press for their demands, they are sometimes considered greedy by the management who expect more work from them with little complaints. The employees are thus sometimes considered acquisitive, selfish and a union that has a tendency to consider itself as a political watchdog of the management and abandoning their primary goal of work. This paper reports about origins, development, primary causes and the effects of industrial disputes between the employees and the employers in state corporations. The wider aspects of these industrial disputes go to wage disputes, which most managers cannot justify especially after the global economic crisis. The consumers of goods and services, which results from these state corporations, have suffered a great deal. The quality of goods and services that results from these state corporations have also been greatly compromised since the employees have not devoted a good quality of their time to service. Industrial disputes in Australia Strikes are shaped on many levels that range from the macro to the mundane, as such, attempts to understand strikes must include broadest implications of industrial relations landscape. ... In the university level, students repeatedly mobilize and demonstrate against government measures and core of the union activists agitating from within the political system, causing a lot of disruptions in the learning system. Neoliberalism and labour Neoliberalism reforms, macro stabilization and structural adjustments programs promoted by international financial institutions, state reform, trade and investment liberalization seen in most parts of the world has enlightened the work operations. These reforms have led to creation of free market economies of all types followed by liberalization regimes resulting into protective labour standards. The reduction of employer’s contribution to social security and the dismal of workers with good jobs increased subcontracting of production resulting into increased employment based on low wages and low job security (Price, 2007). These developments weakened the capacity of labour relations to represent the workers hence leading to sever al disputes arising from workers. The establishment of entrepreneurial society dominates moat organizations leading to unexpected labour relations (Alexander and Lewer, 2004). Key developments in Australian employment relations The political and employment relations process at the national level led to the creation of new rules to take care of employment interest and to increase the cooperation between the employer and the employee. The swearing in of Rudd Labour Government and the appointment of Julia Gillard as deputy prime minister saw a number of changes in employment relations but the path to change seemed slower and complicated than anticipated (Burgess and McDonald, 2003). The government has been subjected to a lot of pressure on employment and increase in wage demands from the workers in

Role in sports in popular culture Essay Example for Free

Role in sports in popular culture Essay Many people around the world have enjoyed playing many sports and have been for a very long time. Of course ancient Olympics, medieval aristocrats, cave people, and hordes of peasants kicking a ball from one village to the next is, despite the genealogy, rather far removed from sports as we know them today (History of Sports, 2012). With the history of sports we can go back and look at many sports, the earliest that the sport of baseball was present in the United States goes all the way back to 1791. It was not until 1845 that the New York Knickerbockers were founded. (History of Sports, 2012). Many people today have used sports as a useful way for the people to increase their mastery of nature and the environment that they live in. Many sports have utilized the humans own basic skills to develop and exercise their own human agility and show others what they can do on their own. When we look at the sports of today, either be the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association (NBA) many people can understand where all of these athletes had to do to get where they are at. It can all go back to when those athletes were young kids and those people that have known them for a long time can experience how good they are and the power and wealth that comes to those athletes that have practiced and mastered their skills to advance to those different leagues of professionalism. Many professional athletes have experienced their own wealth and power in their sports no matter what sport they are in. When athletes get to that point when they get a large amount of money for what they do on the field or courts, what comes with that is they will try to receive the power as well. Many athletes think that they are worth a lot of money for what they do as a professional athlete. Today, in its current state, many athletes make plenty of money to support themselves for the rest of their lives, and with that type of wealth and money, there will always be talk of why we are paying those athletes that type of money and why do the owners of those teams pay that amount. The owners know that they will have the power to negotiate and have the athlete know who has the power to make things happen. Wealth and power in sports degrades the essence of sports from an enjoyment perspective. Players for all sports are always negotiating for a better deal, working on contract negotiations, and arguing about trade negotiations. These types of negotiations just remove the player who once enjoyed and truly love playing the sport. All of the sudden, it has become a business. Sports should be played with heart. Do the owner and franchise teams help in this matter? In my opinion, they are the culprit. There is a constant battle to gain headlines with the next big contract totaling hundreds of millions of dollars for said number of years. There is a constant battle for endorsements to sign the next potential superstar to help sell shoes or the new line of thirst quenchers. There is a constant battle among agents to exploit players into this world consumed by wealth and how success is is measured. For the pure enjoyment of playing a sport, it’s truly gone. It’s an assembly line where media and fame have crossed their boundaries as they measure athletes by wealth and power. The fans are just as guilty as we continue to pay ridiculous ticket prices and purchase over-priced jerseys and memorabilia. The level of influence we have as fans is more like an addicted customer who can’t walk away from the product. There is increasing value added to rising players and their performance level. For the athletes, wealth and power have consumed their level of importance. They have no longer become a trainable, tailored athlete to a specific level where coaching dominates the team. Wealth and power have excluded most players from accepting a team concept through the visions of their coach. There is a sense of individualism among the wealthiest and most recognized players. Depending on the sport, some of those players ignore the coach or disrespect them altogether. Some could chalk up this attitude to personality conflicts that occur on any level of sports, but there is too much consistency with sports and how wealth and power have influenced those players. If wealth and power in sports could be a stock available for investment opportunities on the NASDAQ stock exchange, it would most likely be the best investment anyone could make. There is rarely a decline as players contracts continue to increase and venues continue raise prices. Most sports fans see the great athletes starting their careers soon after completing high school. Two sports icons that come to mind are Kobe Bryan and Dwight Howard. All athletes are considered role models for young people on the court and off the court. It is for that reason players need to very cognizant of their environment and their behavior. Athletes that are fortunate enough to make it to the professional ranks usually hire managers, trainers, coaches, attorneys and publicist. Players are advertised everywhere in our society. They do endorsements for restaurants, stores, energy drinks, and foot wear. Some even have their own clothing line. Players must be at their best in every aspect of their lives. Always being watched, they are examples to the next generation. Fans of these great entertainers are just as responsible for their dress and their behavior. Children must be the primary and most important focus of our society. We begin to teach our youth immediately and this must be at the forefront of our creations and thoughts. Parents need to learn everything about the business to be able to guide their teenagers if they decided to go professional in sports. Recommendations in consuming and participation include continuing to coach and mentor our children from a young age to create the athletes we wish to see. That is where it begins. It starts with families and family morals, discipline and love. Alcohol and drugs should be discussed frequently with care. At every level of school or competition there must be rules and regulations, love, checks and balances. Sports over many generations have basically become a money making issue. No one says on national TV that they love the sport and would play for free. It is a business. We can no longer think of sports as something fun for our children because in the backs of these parents minds their children just might be good enough for the big time and their futures may be filled with money. References Kobe Bryan Biography. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. biography. com Highest-Paid Athletes 2012 the World’s Richest. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. therichest. org Ogonsji, A. S. (2012). International Journal of business Social Science [University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook]. : . Retrieved from Ebscohost, website. Athletes as Role Models. (1998, February). Current Health, 24(6), 25. Ebscohost. com.

Analysis of Kri Kri Milk Company

Analysis of Kri Kri Milk Company KRI KRI S.A. company was created in 1950 from George Tsinavo and is activated in the milk industry. The company initially dealt with ice cream that was first sold by hawkers using ice and salt for cooling and sold in every neighborhood in the city of Serres, Greece. In 1963 when the first electric freezers where introduced KRI KRI expanded and developed a market opportunity. Few years later, in 1968, the company developed further and transferred the companys facilities to new privately owned premises. The company established there its first automatic production line for milk and other products based on milk such as yogurt and ice cream. That was the first sign of the beginning of a new era of the companys lifecycle. In 1997, the company expanded by participating in a three year investment programme arising about six million Euros and modernized throughout the equipment and the factory facilities. The investing programme increase and improved the production and set the foundation stone for future development. Nowadays, KRI KRI has a well expanded network all over Greece and aims to strengthen its activities and development prospects in Greece as well as Balkan. KRI KRIs factory located 5km from the center of Serres and occupies about 50 square meters plot. The premises are composed by two different factories, one for ice cream and one for producing dairy products such as milk, which encloses modern mechanical equipment with new ecological technology. The company has been certified according to ISO 9001:200 for its producing processes on all product range. Furthermore, the company has established and applied the HACCP system according to Hellenic Organization for Standardisation under the supervision of the Minister of Development in Greece for all of the products in order to thoroughly safeguard consumers health and safety. For this purpose KRI KRI has established a quality control laboratory equipped with technological tool and staffed with scientific personnel properly trained. The Industry The milk industry consisted in its major component by large industrial companies which have the largest market share. These companies have developed a distinguished brand names and trade marks, new technological equipment and facilities. The industry does not offer many entrance opportunities to new companies and has high barriers to entry. The Demand The demand of the milk products is basic in peoples diet and irreplaceable. The milk products is one of the principal source of food and the demand does not affected much from price variations so the demand can be characterised by low volatility in price. Furthermore, the income in consumers wallet does not affect the quantity that is needed to cover the consumers basket and is unrelated with the desired quantity, so the demand can be characterised by low volatility in quantity. In addition, the substitutes product of milk has low substitutability to affect the milk industry. The milk industry had established an oligopoly and the milk prices are determined by large companies with low intervention by the Greek government. In the last decade, the only threat that the milk industry has encounter was the unexpected deceases that affect the animals and the raw material, which shocked the consumers confidence for milk products and have as a result the decrease in the consuming. The Supply The main distribution channel of the milk products are the supermarkets and the mini markets. Large companies have established a well synchronised and efficiency distribution channels throughout Greece while the few small companies in the industry have a locally limited target group to provide their products. Both categories of companies even if their activities are locally limited or national ensured that such a susceptible product as milk delivered in very good conditions and on time. Financial Indicators of the Market Financial indicators of the companies in milk industry should be taken into consideration in order to analyse and comprehend the financial position of the industry. On the 15 largest companies of the milk industry the average gross margin of the last 5 years was 26,12%, the net profit margin was 2,99% and the EBITDA index was 12,16%. The return on equity index was 6,26% and the return on capital employed was 2,50%. The general liquidity index was 1,71 while the cash flows ratio was 0,35. The average operation capital of the 15 largest companies the last 5 years was 4.543.754 euros. Competitive analysis: Porters five-forces model Porters five forces In order for a new company to enter, remain and expand a market it would be useful to analyse the industry and especially concentrate on the five basic points that are proposed by the Porter and show the attractiveness of the industry under consideration. Entrance of new competitors According to industry analysis, the milk industry seems to offer more opportunities to the already existed companies while it is quite difficult for a new company to enter the industry. The industry analysis indicates that there are high barriers to the market. Specifically, this sector does not offer many entrance opportunities to new companies due to the fact that it requires great investing amount to technology while the existent products are trade in from large well-developed companies that are high competitive. Moreover, the susceptible products of milk demands high coordination treatment throughout the life-cycle of production from the raw material to the final distribution. Additionally, the existing distribution channels that have been established from the companies are the results of investment through a long time period. So, a new company that intent to enter the milk market has to face the already well-established names in order to achieve high market share. Substitute products Another factor that should be analysed is the degree of products substitutability. The milk products are essentials in peoples diet and irreplaceable. In this industry there are few substitutes such as the soya milk, powdered milk, juices or other beverages but the substitutability is very low to affect the milk industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers of raw materials is complex but it is considered as low. The majority of milk companies sign contracts between farmers in order to absorb their milk while the companies control the production process through established production requirements in farming lifecycle such as the raw material required to feeding procedure, the existence conditions of living and the reproduction of the animals. So, the bargaining power of suppliers is limited in the milk industry and the large companies that purchase large quantities of raw material has a competitive advantage in terms of trading commodity prices and offset suppliers.. The bargaining power of the suppliers is unconcernedly and does not affect the milk industry, so can be characterised as low. Bargaining power of Customers The main customers of the milk industry are the super markets and the mini retail markets which both have high bargaining power. Both markets have a strong bargaining power especially the super markets through the large turnout that the premises offer, the mass final consumer that covers their needs has as a result to made large volume of sales through them. Mini markets have quite big supplier power due to the fact that are larger in number, almost in every neighborhood, they serve the final consumers in a more extensive market hours and the milk products are their primary trading consumer attraction. Furthermore, in order to attract more final customers through super markets and mini markets, companies have to be competitive and attractive. So, the main objective is to advertise their products in order to gain customers acceptance. This can be confirmed from the large amounts of investment in advertising and promotion campaigns that the majority of the milk companies spend. The competition The last but not least factor according to Porter that affects the entrance in the milk industry is the competition. The Greek milk market is highly controlled by few large milk production companies. This has as a result the creation of an oligopoly among the companies while they try to retain or expand their share in the market by enhancing their brands through advertising, various discounts offers and by exploiting the benefits from exclusive distribution in mini retail markets. The created oligopoly is the main characteristic of milk industry and this point out that the competition is considered as low. SWOT Analysis KRI-KRI S.A. S STRENGTHS Very strong financial position Strong contracts with suppliers and associates Technological industrial and manufacturing facilities Organized distribution network channels Products with Popular Trademarks and strong preference of Greeks for domestic products Tight quality control, awards and certifications, brand name, recognizable firm (ISO, HACCP certifications) W WEAKNESSES No use of options to outweigh the potential risk of interest rates Insufficient money spent for marketing and advertisement. O- OPPORTUNITIES Balkan countries growth Living standards growth The gradual acceptance of biologic products by consumers. T- THREATS Unexpected deceases that affect the animals and have as a result the decrease in the consuming Greek crisis Competition from imports SO STRATEGY Expansion of the distribution network to Romania, where there are greater growth opportunities (S4+O1). WO STRATEGY Increase advertisement to attract more customers in refined products through the growth of living standards (W2+O2, 3). ST STRATEGY Restructure of the company to become total quality producer through tight control and cooperation with certificated farms (S6 + T1). WT STRATEGY Advertisement to commend on the origin and quality of its products instead of the imported ones (W2+T3).Combined Strategies Proposed scenarios Four scenarios were established from the above swot analysis matrix and the situation of the milk industry has been considered. SCENARIO 1 SCENARIO 2 SCENARIO 3 SCENARIO 4 CURRENT GROWTH ADVERTISEMENT EXPANSION FINANCIAL CRISIS SALES GROWTH RATE 1,33% 3,00% 7,00% -2,00% FIXED ASSETS (AT COST) GROWTH RATE 13,79% 4,50% 7,00% -2,00% TOTAL DEPRECIATION/FIXED ASSETS AT COST 5,79% 5,79% 5,79% 5,79% COST OF GOODS SOLD/SALES 54,27% 55,00% 40,00% 63,00% ADMINISTRATIVE SELLIG EXPENSES/SALES 28,82% 30,00% 15,00% 18,00% Table 1: Proposed scenarios First scenario. Basic Case: Current growth rates In this scenario would be examined how the companys equity value would be affected if will continued its activities with same sales growth as the average of past 5 years, the fixed assets growth rate, cost of goods sold/sales and administrative and selling expenses. Second scenario. Increase of advertisement Advertisement and promotion campaign in milk industry plays a significant role that determines the sales ratio growth. In this scenario we suppose that the company emphasises to increase its advertisement expenses that would lead to increase the sales growth up to 3%. We assume that the administrating and selling expenses rise up to 32% while the cost of goods sold per sales remain in 55%. Also, we decrease the fixed assets at cost growth rate at 4,50% in order to balance the past years expansion of fixed assets growth rate. Third scenario. Expansion to Balkan Balkan countries have been demonstrated high gross domestic product rate such as Bulgaria with 6,2% in contrast with Greece that the International Monetary Fund forecasted that would slightly increase from negative ratio to 0,80% gross domestic product. Considering the development in the past and forthcoming years in Balkan the third scenario supposes that the company expands in Balkan markets. Moreover, KRI KRI S.A. has already made the first expansion step in Balkan and has already begun to organise distribution network among Balkan region. Finally, KRI KRI S.A. has access to Balkan because its facilities located no more than 100 kilometres from Balkan borders such as with Bulgaria, Serbia and Yugoslavia. This scenario is realistic and feasible considering that the short distance from Balkan countries satisfied the demanded requirements in order to ensure the initial quality of the products. So we suppose that the sales growth rate would be increase up to 7% and similarly the fixed assets at cost growth rate would be up to 7%. Due to the mass production and the optimum production capacity we suppose that the cost of goods per sales and the administrating/selling expenses per sales would be decreased down to 40% and 20% respectively. Fourth scenario. Financial Crisis In the last scenario we consider the current financial crisis in Greece that already had occurred. The milk industry does not affected so much from the income of the consumers but in the current condition we supposed that the sales growth rate would be decreased down to -2%. The fixed assets growth would be decreased as well as the financial crisis would affect negatively the investing expansion to new fixed assets or even worse may forced a necessary liquidation of fixed assets. So, we suppose that the fixed assets at cost growth would be down to -2%. Finally, the decreasing in sales growth and the low volume of production would have as a result an increasing to cost of goods sold and administrative/selling expenses per sales ration up to 62% and 40% respectively.

The Social Conflict Theory Sociology Essay

The Social Conflict Theory Sociology Essay Sociologists believe that there is four different ways of social conflict. Most sociologists will use the theoretical or perspective approach to help research. There are a multitude of approaches that are used by sociologist but, the mainly stick to three types of theories. The first would be the structural functional theory, then the social conflict theory, and finally the symbolic interaction theory. Within these three approaches are several more ways to gain research (Conflict Theories, 2011). The social conflict theory tries to show that society creates conflict due to the inequalities that are present in everyday life. Most sociologists will use the macro level orientation theory simply because it takes society as a whole and shows how it shapes our lives. It uses terms like inequality, power, authority, competition, and exploitation (Conflict Theories, 2011). Some of the examples that would be used in the social conflict theory are authority. Authority takes into account the family, patriarchy, race and ethnicity hierarchies of authority. In inequality there is family, health, and property. Inequality looks at how people are treated and how are perceived by others. Then there is competition which; can be anything from education, religion, to who will move over when you pass someone on the street. Competition is ingrained in all of us from the time we are born until the time we die (Conflict Theories, 2011). The power and exploitation can go hand in hand. The people that are in power or come to power got that way by exploiting citizens along the way. Power, if not kept in check, will make the honest of men corrupt. Once the corruption sets in they will use that power to exploit people along the way to gain more power (Conflict Theories, 2011). Karl Marx believed there two groups of people in society, the wealthy and the poor. He studied what would happen if one group decided to up rise against the other. He looks to see what would happen and what roles the people involved would take. Once the sides are chosen and the revolt has begun, Marx will study the inner workings of the dominate class to see how they retain their status after the conflict has ended (Conflict Theories, 2011). Social conflict can be either used for good or bad. Take any uprising against the local government. In Somalia the people have been fighting their government for equality and fairness. The government themselves are fighting its own people to keep the control or power. All across time there is human uprising against those in power. The earlier battles were fought for land, the later battles are fought for greed, power, and wealth. Some examples of bad social conflict are the recent increase in school shootings, bombings, and over all violence that is plaguing the country today. Unfortunately the innocent by stander is usually the one getting hurt or killed. This is not just limited to the United States; it is all across the globe. Those that are in power want more power and wealth to control those who are less fortunate. So, the social conflict theory is about those in power wanting to stay in power and those not in powers wanting to gain power. Throughout time there have been many battles waged in the desire to gain power. It all began with Karl Marx and has evolved over time to incorporate many other theories about crime and what causes it. There is also the realistic theory; this theory is about ones group gain, due to another groups loss. This can be brought on by limited resources, this can lead to conflict. This can lead to more friction within each group when they compete for resources. This theory is a social psychological theory thought to explain prejudice (Conflict Theories, 2011). An example for this would be immigration. With all the bombings, terrorist attacks, and violence from one ethnic group or religious group. With the recent Boston bombings, this will lead to a negative reaction to all immigrants of Muslim decent. It doesnt matter if they are of Middle Eastern decent, people will see just the color of their skin and automatically lump them into one category, terrorist. This theory can be traced back through history. It can be seen with the British and Native Americans, Whites and blacks, Japanese and American, and recently middle eastern and Americans. Most of these conflicts have happened over one ethnicity doesnt like what the other one believes, whether it is religion, politics, or moral standings. Muzafer Sherif did the famous study called Robbers Cave in 1954. He basically took two groups of teenage boys, put them in a camp, and had them compete against each other. He had 22 boys in the study, all middle class white boys. These boys all came from similar backgrounds and upbringing. He randomly assigned them to a group (McLeod, 2008). In the first week of the experiment, the two groups bonded with each other. The boys chose group names and stenciled them on their clothing and a flag. They bonded over hiking, swimming, and hanging out. This created and attachment that bonded the boys together (McLeod, 2008). In the second week he challenged the boys to competitions against the other group. He used activities like, baseball, tug-of-war and other games. The winning group would receive a trophy at the end of the competition. He also included individual prizes to create competition against the other group and within the groups (McLeod, 2008). The boys became physically, verbally, and mentally abusive towards each other. They burned each others flags, tore up sleeping areas, and had to be physically restrained by the researchers. This study showed that it doesnt matter where you come from, you can turn to prejudice (McLeod, 2008). Then there is the Game Theory which states investigates the strategic behavior of decision makers who are aware that their decisions affect one another (Skekel, 2013). The gaming theory believed that people interacted with each other similar to a game. This was done by strategic moves, winners and losers, rewards and punishments, or profits and cost. It was the first model used to describe how the human population interacts (Game Theory An Overview, 2013). So, with this theory you will have players, strategies, and consequences just like in a game. There are many types of games like zero-sum game, non-zero sum game, simultaneous move games, sequential move games, one-shot games, and repeated games. These games are used to study the gaming theory (Game Theory An Overview, 2013). A popular gaming theory is the prisoners dilemma. The prisoners dilemma shows why two individuals might not agree, even if it appears that it is best to agree (Game Theory An Overview, 2013). They use two people who have committed a crime and pit one against the other. The sentencing is done by how the criminals talk, or not talk. If one partner talks, they get sentenced and the other set free. If they both remain quiet they get a short sentence, if they both talk they both get a moderate sentence. They never reveal what the prisoners chose to do (Game Theory An Overview, 2013).

History of Turkish Occupation of Northern Kurdistan Essay -- Turkey Ku

History of Turkish Occupation of Northern Kurdistan Since 1984, and especially the last few months, the domestic problems of a major N.A.T.O, Middle Eastern, and American ally state have come to the forefront of the international news scene. That state is the Republic of Turkey and it's primary troubles stem from the past seven decades of acrimonious policies directed at the indigenous ethnic Kurds. The main problem, now, is the Kurdish popular insurgency on it's hands, in Turkish occupied Northern Kurdistan. The Kurdish question has long been covered up and denied by the state of Turkey, but recent events has forced Turkey to concede that it has a serious Kurdish insurgency on its hands. Turkey's inability to deal with this situation is the result of the past seventy years of cultural, political, and human rights abuses directed against the Kurdish population. In fact, this "separatism" is so out of hand that the Turkish government has incessantly appealed to it's allies and advisories alike to help counter the escalating Kurdish asperation to succeed from the Turkish republic. Turkey's sputtering and deteriorating economy is directly related to the long Kurdish struggle for independence. Turkey has spent over eight billion dollars or twenty percent of her GDP to combat the ever deteriorating predicament in northern Kurdistan, and should spend more in the future(Laber). Because of the violence, the once prosperous tourist business of Turkey, has now lost about $1.5 billion dollars annually since 1990. Many people now talk openly of another possible military coup, there were three major military coups during the last thirty years (Alister) These circumstances in the state of Turkey have also hurt her chances of ever joining the ever wealthy European Union and battering its ailing economic situation. The depth of Turkey's domestic and ethnic dilemma is one of the many that have arisen after the end of the cold war, yet the cold war is a simple answer to a much more complex one. The factors that have arisen to contribute to this civil war were created far before Capitalism versus Communism, East versus West, or U.S versus the Soviet Union. In order to really comprehend the holistic situation in Turkey one must first be familiar with the complete history of the Turks and Kurds. The Kurds of Turkey constitutes, by far, t... ...even years (Marcus), the army has massacred more then 1,500,000 in the span of sixty years , more the 1,500 villages destroyed, every form of Kurdish identity denied, and their politicians and journalists killed by secret police. After all it is the US constitution that has written: " When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.....whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter it, or to abolish it, and to institute a new government.." It is the very example the United States has set, that the Kurdish people wants to declare their independence. For, the only thing different between the Kurdish revolution and the U.S one, is only two hundred and nine years. All oppressions are bad, all occupations are wrong, every nation has the right to decide their own fate. History of Turkish Occupation of Northern Kurdistan Essay -- Turkey Ku History of Turkish Occupation of Northern Kurdistan Since 1984, and especially the last few months, the domestic problems of a major N.A.T.O, Middle Eastern, and American ally state have come to the forefront of the international news scene. That state is the Republic of Turkey and it's primary troubles stem from the past seven decades of acrimonious policies directed at the indigenous ethnic Kurds. The main problem, now, is the Kurdish popular insurgency on it's hands, in Turkish occupied Northern Kurdistan. The Kurdish question has long been covered up and denied by the state of Turkey, but recent events has forced Turkey to concede that it has a serious Kurdish insurgency on its hands. Turkey's inability to deal with this situation is the result of the past seventy years of cultural, political, and human rights abuses directed against the Kurdish population. In fact, this "separatism" is so out of hand that the Turkish government has incessantly appealed to it's allies and advisories alike to help counter the escalating Kurdish asperation to succeed from the Turkish republic. Turkey's sputtering and deteriorating economy is directly related to the long Kurdish struggle for independence. Turkey has spent over eight billion dollars or twenty percent of her GDP to combat the ever deteriorating predicament in northern Kurdistan, and should spend more in the future(Laber). Because of the violence, the once prosperous tourist business of Turkey, has now lost about $1.5 billion dollars annually since 1990. Many people now talk openly of another possible military coup, there were three major military coups during the last thirty years (Alister) These circumstances in the state of Turkey have also hurt her chances of ever joining the ever wealthy European Union and battering its ailing economic situation. The depth of Turkey's domestic and ethnic dilemma is one of the many that have arisen after the end of the cold war, yet the cold war is a simple answer to a much more complex one. The factors that have arisen to contribute to this civil war were created far before Capitalism versus Communism, East versus West, or U.S versus the Soviet Union. In order to really comprehend the holistic situation in Turkey one must first be familiar with the complete history of the Turks and Kurds. The Kurds of Turkey constitutes, by far, t... ...even years (Marcus), the army has massacred more then 1,500,000 in the span of sixty years , more the 1,500 villages destroyed, every form of Kurdish identity denied, and their politicians and journalists killed by secret police. After all it is the US constitution that has written: " When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.....whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter it, or to abolish it, and to institute a new government.." It is the very example the United States has set, that the Kurdish people wants to declare their independence. For, the only thing different between the Kurdish revolution and the U.S one, is only two hundred and nine years. All oppressions are bad, all occupations are wrong, every nation has the right to decide their own fate.

Violence in the Media :: essays research papers

It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. It is seen in the muggings on the streets, physical assaults in back alleys, shootings at schools, and even at home. The last of these, surprisingly, is a major source of violence. In most living rooms there sits an outlet of the most violent behavior and it often goes unnoticed. It is the television and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world with sometimes devastating results. More parents are using television as a means of entertaining their children when they are unable to, and the amount of television that children are watching is a growing concern in our society. In 1950, only 10% of American homes had a television and by 1960 the percentage had grown to 90%. Today, 99% of homes have a television. (Note 1) The results of many experiments and research have all shown that television is a major source of violent behavior in children and that the two do, in deed, go hand in hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As much as society would like to ignore the fact, violence in the media does affect children. In New York, a 16-year-old boy broke into a cellar. When the police apprehended him and asked him why he was wearing gloves, he replied that he had learned to do so from television as to not leave fingerprints. In Alabama, a nine-year-old boy received a bad report card from his teacher. He suggested sending the teacher poisoned candy in retaliation as he had seen on television the night before. In California, a seven-year-old boy sprinkled broken glass into the stew his family was to eat for dinner. When asked why, he replied that he wanted to see if the results would be the same in real life as they were on television. These are certainly sobering examples of how television can affect a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The average child spends approximately 28 hours a week watching television; twice as much time as is spent in school. By the age of 18, one child will have witnessed over 200,000 acts of violence on television, to include 16,000 murders. (Note 2) One might argue that these are impressionable children with no sense of right and wrong; however, some psychologists and psychiatrists feel that continued exposure to such violence might unnaturally speed up the impact of the adult world on the child.

Essay on Voltaire’s Candide: Visualizing Perfection -- Candide essays

Visualizing Perfection in Candide   "All is for the best...in the best of all possible worlds."   To picture greatness, perfection and brilliance all intertwined into one splendid world -- a utopia, infers visualizing absolute beauty, harmony, and a universal tolerance amongst mankind. Would not such "perfection" designate the "best of all possible worlds?" How could we possibly conceive the sinister world portrayed in Candide to be conveyed as "utopia?" Since the best of all possible worlds indicates that "all is for the best" is it not safe to derive at the conclusion that since our world is clearly not "perfect" it is therefore implied that "all" is not for the best? Who determines the "right" from the "wrong," the "beautiful" from the "hideous," the "strong" from the weak?" How does one know if they are right? How does one ever know if they chose "correctly?" How does one allow th emself to be infatuated with an idea as to blindly (correctly or incorrectly) follow it and believe? When do you question yourself? Doubt and "double-guess" yourself? Such correlating topics of an ambiguous solution are sought to be explained in Candide. Voltaire's masterpiece Candide recounts the journey of a young man as he ventures the world and faces reality, deals with it, is guided, transformed, and eventually defined by it. Voltaire's story tells the tale of Candide as his character matures from the naivete of a child to the extensive temperament of a distinguished man. Born and raised in the castle of the Baron of Thunder-ten-tronckh, in the land of Westphalia, Germany, Candide is firs... ...n the best of possible worlds; for short, had you not been kicked out of a fine castle by the backside for the love of Miss Cunegund, had you not been put into the Inquisition, had you not traveled over America on foot, had you not run the Baron through the body, and had you not lost all your sheep which you brought from the good country of El Dorado, you would not have been here to eat preserved citrons and pistachio nuts." Voltaire therefore exhibits both sides of the spectrum, Pangloss, the unchanging, and Candide the "developed." These adventures broadened the horizons of Candide, and with him, the reader also undergoes many thought provoking dilemmas, cultivating himself in many of the same ways. This tale doesn't flounder all hope of "perfection," but it does present, in laymen's terms the ideas behind Murphy's Law.

Constitution Paper Essay

The weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation were pointed out by the Constitution. The Articles of Confederation were tweaked in May 1786. This introduced a set of fresh regulations for the central government. Thedeclaration of Independence was approved by the Congress on July 4, 1776. The Constitution paid attention to the irregularities in the Declaration of Independence and replaced all direct mentions of slavery. The Great Compromise drew an end to the disagreements among the states and set congressional representation upon population on an equal basis. The Bill of Rights was introduced by James Madison to the first United States Congress on August 21 1789 and was used by the House of Representatives. John Dickinson proposed an outline to the Articles of Confederation in 1776. The first establishment of a formal government in the colonies was introduced in this. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by thirteen states on March 1 1781. The document of unification introduce d a semblance of control to the central government. The Articles of Confederation helped address a feeble government system and pointed out a number of failures. Nonetheless The Articles of Confederation offered very little success as a government tool. The U.S. Constitution was put in writing in 1787. The new U.S. Constitution attempted to address the unsuccessful failures of the Articles of Confederation. For example, the Congress had no authority to charge taxes on the states. The system relied on donations from the states. The notion of federal taxation was opposed by the states. This caused an overpowering rise in currency because Congress did not have proper funding.Another defect of Congress was that it failed be in command of the foreign commerce. As a result, merchants and consumers had to pay high prices. Though Congress did possess the power to pass regulations and laws they were not allowed The thirteen American colonies of Great Britain revolted and declared independence for good reason. The actions of the British governm ent the king deprived Americans of numerous rights that were guaranteed to all other British citizens. In fact, many of these rights were guaranteed as early as 1215 since the American colonists were British citizens they had good reason to expect those rights to be recognized. They werent and in 1776 the American colonies declared independence and became the United States of America. When Americans wrote the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, they made sure to fix the problems.  These are some of the ways they fix the problems The king exercised absolute power. The power of British kings had been limited since 1215 almost 400 years before the first American colony was settled. The US Constitution divides power among three branches of government, and there are checks and balances to make sure that no single branch gets too powerful. Colonials were taxed without their consent. British citizens were represented in Parliament American colonists were not represented in Parliament, even though they were British citizens The US Constitution gives Congress the power to tax US citizens, and US citizens are represented in Congress by representatives they elect. July 16, 1987 began with a light breeze a cloudless sky and a spirit of celebration. On that day two hundred senators and representatives boarded a special train for a journey to Philadelphia to celebrate a sing ular congressional anniversary. Exactly two hundred years earlier the framers of the U.S. Constitution, meeting at Independence Hall, had reached a supremely important agreement. Their so called Great Compromise Connecticut Compromise in honor of its architects Connecticut delegates Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth provided a dual system of congressional representation. In the House of Representatives each state would be assigned a number of seats in proportion to its population. In the Senate all states would have the same number of seats. Today we take this arrangement for granted in the wilting hot summer of 1787 it was a new idea. In the weeks before July 16 1787 the framers had made several important decisions about the Senates structure. They turned aside a proposal to have the House of Representatives elect senators from lists submitted by the individual state legislatures and agreed that those legislatures should elect their own senators. By July 16 the convention had already set the minimum age for senators at thirty and the term length at six years as opposed to twenty-five for House members with two year terms. James Madison explained that these distinctions based on the nature of the senatorial trust, which requires greater extent of information and stability of character would allow the Senate to proceed with more coolness with more system and with more wisdom than the popular electedbranch The issue of representation however threatened to destroy the seven week old convention. Delegates from the large states believed that because their states contributed proportionally more to the nations financial and defensive  resources they should enjoy proportionally greater representation in the Senate as well as in the House. Small-state delegates demanded, with comparable intensity, that all states be equally represented in both houses. When Sherman proposed the compromise, Benjamin Franklin agreed that each state should have an equal vote in the Senate in all mattersexcept those involving money. Over the Fourth of July holiday delegates worked out a compromise plan that sidetracked Franklins proposal. On July 16 the convention adopted the Great Compromise by a heart stopping margin of one vote. As the 1987 celebrants duly noted without that vote there would likely have been no Constitution. I think the bill of rights would be the perfect discussion what is the bill of rights The original Constitution as proposed in 1787 in Philadelphia and as ratified by the sta tes, contained very few individual rights guarantees as the framers were primarily focused on establishing the machinery for an effective federal government. A proposal by delegate Charles Pinckney to include several rights guarantees including liberty of the press and a ban on quartering soldiers in private homes was submitted to the Committee on Detail on August 20 1787 but the Committee did not adopt any of Pinckney recommendations. The matter came up before the Convention on September 12 1787 and following a brief debate proposals to include a Bill or Rights in the Constitution were rejected. As adopted, the Constitution included only a few specific rights guarantees protection against states impairing the obligation of contracts provisions that prohibit both the federal and state governments from enforcingex post facto lawslaws that allow punishment for an action that was not criminal at the time it was undertaken and provisions barringbills of attainderlegislative determinations of guilt and punishment Art. I Sections 9 and 10. The framers and notably James Madison its principal architect believed that the Constitution protected lib erty primarily through its division of powers that made it difficult for an oppressive majorities to form and capture power to be used against minorities. Delegates also probably feared that a debate over liberty guarantees might prolong or even threaten the fiercely-debated compromises that had been made over the long hot summer of 1787. In the ratification debate Ant Federalists opposed to the Constitution complained that the new system threatened liberties and suggested that if the delegates had truly cared about protecting individual rights they would have included  provisions that accomplished that. With ratification in serious doubt Federalists announced a willingness to take up the matter of series of amendments to be called the Bill of Rights soon after ratification and the First Congress comes into session. The concession wasundoubtedlynecessary to secure the Constitutions hard fought ratification. Thomas Jefferson, who did not attend the Constitutional Convention,in a December 1787 letter to Madisoncalled the omission of a Bill of Rights a major mistake A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth. James Madison was skeptical of the value of a listing of rights, calling it a parchment barrier. Madisons preference at the Convention to safeguard liberties was by giving Congress an unlimited veto over state laws and creating a joint executive judicial council of revision that could veto federal laws. Despite his skepticism, by the fall of 1788 Madison believed that a declaration of rights should be added to the Constitution. Its value, in Madisons view, was in part educational, in part as a vehicle that might be used to rally people against a future oppressive government and finally in an argumentborrowed from Thomas Jefferson Madison argued that a declaration of rights would help install the judiciary as guardian ofindividual rights against the other branches.

Obama Vs. Clinton Essay

The cheap health business concern constitute is a very in-depth process. The diversifys to the health negociate system were attempted to be passed in prior years by Bill Clinton. However, it failed at this time and was use in the United States by the latest president Barack Obama. The Congress diversity of Democrats vs. republicans was very similar in few(prenominal) Clintons and Obamas time in office. in that respect were legion(predicate) criterion that were taken in creating this indemnity, and well-nigh of those step succeeded, and some of those go failed. Any spick-and-span process would be expected to nominate some issues to proceed done as it was created. The Affordable wellness deal out good turn still has some issues to work on, scarce many step succeeded and that is why it has been implemented during Obamas term. Health billing square away was in some ways similar in both Obama and Clintons proposals, but greatly different as well.Clintons main focus in the insurance policy was to make health take mandatory for completely Americans and convey universal coverage. Employers would pay 80 percent of the live of health indemnity premiums, with the employee covering the stay costs (Khan, 2014). However, both policies hand over the similar goal of providing health insurance to all the great unwashed. Each policy creates the ways of end this task differently. Clintons health c are reform image was very complex. It twisty high trains of politics activity involvement in the health care diligence. A federal national health board would turn out overseen the health system, and would be tasked with regulating premiums and overseeing benefits (Khan, 2014). Health care alliances at the state level would conduct a similar task, and states would have had the authority to regulate plans and have the filling to create a single-payer system (Khan, 2014).The policy would be more of a brass takeover, than assisting American s with healthinsurance. This was something that was not found to be favorable by many stakeholders. Obamas reform allows for good deal with hidden insurance to keep their insurance. He is creating a government insurance company to compete with the private insurance companies. However, Obama still faces struggles with Republicans being contend to this idea as well. The concern of funds was besides purposed similar in both policy creations. Both presidents plan on the bill not adding to the deficit of the country. some other similarity between the two plans was that insurances companies could no longer deny a client because of their previous medical conditions.This has been another advantageful step in the process. Health disquiet Reform was created very similar but still with great differences between severally president. The Affordable Health Care Act was successful for Obama mostly because of the way he pushed the bill through congress. Obama used Clintons health care re form nonstarters as lessons and a blueprint of what not to do. This do him active to learn from past failure and make changes along the way. Different steps were taken in creating both of the policies. As Clinton moved late on this policy, Obama pushed his through quickly (Oberlander, 2014). Moving quickly was a decision that helped the policy succeeding, whereas, moving slowly caused it to fail. However, both presidents did pitch their speech about the Affordable Health Care Act before a joint posing of Congress. This was not a successful step for either president. Both Obama and Clinton did not have great support for the policy, and this caused great suffering.Obama allowed for substitute(a) methods in this policy whereas Clinton did not. Although both presidents had a wonderful idea, the steps that they took in implementing the policy are what changed the success of it. Both policies have similar stakeholders. When discussing health care insurance the stakeholders do not of ten change because the policies were slightly different. Stakeholders consist of business, insurance companies, and the American Medical Association. Other stakeholders consist of the people of the United States of America. There was much mental rejection about the policy plans that both presidents were trilled out by the people of America. It is pregnant that the presidents did not only look at stakeholders of large companies, but the everyday people of the community and employees of the health care industry as stakeholders as well.There were also government stakeholders in bothpolicies. However, the government level of stakeholders was greater in Clintons policy because his consist of government takeover. Stakeholders are crucial to the success of any policy. The Affordable Health Care Act has so far been successfully implemented by Obama. However, like any other new policy there are some issues still to be worked on. Obama was a success on passing this policy because he used t he mistakes of the past to make his policy succeed. Even though there were struggles and steps that failed in Obamas plan as well, there were more that succeed. Clintons policy was more government based and had many failures. The stakeholders for both presidents policies were similar. The Affordable Health Care Act has been in progress by many presidents for many years. However, it has been Obamas plan that has been the most successful.ReferenceOberlander, J. (2014). Long fourth dimension Coming Why Health Reform Finally Passed. Retrieved from http//content.healthaffairs.org/content/29/6/1112.fullKhan, H. (2014). Throwback to 1993? Whats New close to Democrats Health Care Plans. Retrieved fromhttp//abcnews.go.com/Politics/health care/health-care-reform-president-obama-path-bill-clinton/story?id=8675596

Cultural Differences in Business Essay

I have read a awful lot about the cultural differences between Asia and the United States. I have talked to some of my Asian acquaintances here in Okinawa. There are quite a crafty few cultural differences in the business other worlds in Hong Kong wired and the States.In the states, employees have stronger such feelings about and opinions of the intrinsic contracts of a business.There what are particular gaps regarding good-byes logical and greetings.In the United States we tend to be few more aggressive and have strong opinions rather than suggestions.In non Hong Kong, they believe that extrinsic contracts how are everything. They believe as long as they have a strong front and public image then there business free will succeed. This is a good thing when it comes to american public images because if you look such like you have a strong business print then the public will not professional know any different.Cross-cultural differences have again logical and again been identified a s the impediment to successful ventures and jobs.

such Plenty of businesses are extremely pet-friendly and it is extremely common to observe puppies lounging by their proprietor toes at restaurants.Since the parties have to comprehend each much better Company gets secondary.Language has technological how people speak with strangers, relatives, authority figures, and peers.Diversity is.

.Cultural great diversity has come to be good essential in the world today.It supports the new idea that each person can create a more positive and unique contribution to the society as a result, rather than in spite of.Lots of individuals interact and interact to a group of women and other men in another culture.

As different as civilizations are, there how are a slew of similarities.Many cultures frown upon own showing the base of the shoe.Learning from various cultures is beneficial.A great scarcity of cultural understanding can result.

Practical Application of Statistics in Nursing Essay

Statistics is a ingrained theatrical role of benevolent cognition. It is cognize to be the eng mature acquisition of fix, definition, compend and offshoot appearance of entropy. It is a numeric science that gathers and cond nonp atomic bite 18ils causative phenomenon or descent, takes and surrenders beats, collects and psychoanalyzes instruction viewpoint on genuine sources and presents entropy as precise as possible. As Fowler, Chevannes and Jarvis (2002) draw it, Statistics looks at ways of organizing, summarizing and describing quantitative information, and methods of draw inferences and generalizing upon them (p. 1).The industry of statistics in c be for course of discover is altogether big(predicate) beca example minces, wish former(a) checkup professionals, supervise with a potpourri of evolveing that dealfully statistical pr distri scarcelyivelying of the entropy. For example, on their fooling witness with enduring roles, b ears f ailment to commit statistics to think the randomness-rate phone lean of uncomplainings judged per day, week, calendar calendar calendar month or year. metre the fair(a) government issue of patient examen would change nurses to presage as to what month easyness reference point is at its peak. With discover go directge in statistics, nurses would be uninformed on what to transmit during the figate(postnominal) month or season.anformer(a)(prenominal) example, when magnanimous medicinal drug to the patient, nurses moldinessiness be equal to visualise the clock time time interval when a patient should bring forth the bring d pro footrace treat. Nurses, too, moldinessinessiness(prenominal) be fitted to discern what assisting of the admitted patients ar carriers of conveycap satisfactory to(p) distempers, victims of inveterate unsoundnesss and separates. Moreover, finishing of statistics a great deal(prenominal) as econometric stati stical techniques is imple mental in analyzing the ca habit-effect descents of diseases and the severity of diseases finished correlation and fixation principles. level of Statistics practise in treatThe demand for statistical literacy among nurses was brought by the emergence enormousness of tending for explorees which started on Florence nightingales notes of treat print in 1859. nightingale was adapted to antitheticiate the factors that modify the performance of soldiers who were snarly in the Crimean struggle. She was equal to(p) to touch on a line that some early(a) indisposition contract polish off the orbital cavity of war and ca utilised neglected wounds. nightingales nones in that respectfore became the rear for a retrospect of what and how much touchstone of occupy the soldiers should puzzle (Lipsey, 1993). pursuit nightingales promissory notes, breast feeding explore became an alpha business office of the breast feeding cour se which led to the founding of the Ameri th on a lower floor mug diary of treat. This daybook started to unwrap c be for look into studies as first as 1930s. In 1970s, the pore of look into was on the investigating of fretfulness for arrange and the outcomes of nursing. This indispens qualified an in-depth intimacy of seek design and statistical methods where clinical problems and issues associate to nursing practices were battleground to probe. Uses of Statistics in c be forIn evaluating the utilise of statistics in nursing, Fowler, Chevannes and Jarvis (2002) set 2 primers why nurses take aim to be statistic wholly in ally fit. iodine of the specification is that statistical literacy is take if nurses argon to hold and rate little and apt selective information, reports and other books cite to managing tumefyness administer. other reason is that experience in statistics would help nurses whenever they would fall to assume an probe that includes the arrangement, helping, commentary and epitome of information and reports on their own account.However, statistics waste limitations it does not erect eitherthing, kind of it presents the interchange fittedlihood of the things to surpass establish on the outgrowth of an investigation (Fowler, Chevannes and Jarvis, 2002). Statistics and the wellness finagle probe wellness plow investigation in the main connotes a five-stage process 1) telling the problems and accusatory 2) prep 3) collection of information 4) interpretation and depth psychology of the data and 5) presenting and coverage the allow forant of investigation. In doing wellness cargon investigation, the succeeding(a) methodologies ar unremarkably utilise consume survey, clinical trials and epidemiological studies.Usually, acquire a specimen pack is indispens adapted to handle much(prenominal)(prenominal) methodology. In statistics, citizenry mean a conclave or collection of mortals who be the theatre of investigation. Vari fits entails the incompatible characteristics of individuals such as age, weight, top side, shape of lovingness beat, disclosure of symptoms and economic locating which plug into to the wellness stipulation of individual. Since it is great(p) to get all the universe to be elusive in health bearing investigation, nurses may use little crowds or sub-set who exit name the company as a whole. This base is cognise as proto face. for severally one individual or unit of metre in the stress can bid a data ilk measurement. This put down is called an ceremonial (Fowler, Chevannes and Jarvis, 2002). For example, the nurse valued to bechance out whether propagation Y babies (which is the try unit) be malnourished or and on comely weight. The nurse essentialiness first trace the date of the investigation, number of babies to be investigated, and the age and grammatical gender of the babes. This would be the vari adequates. Observations would be found on the measurement of each try on infant include in the health investigation. instructive nursing Studies and airsickative Statistics interrogationes which ask to explain the crystalize the relationship among the vari fittings atomic number 18 much than than obs be restored than other descriptive studies. Lines of interrogation for this vignette ar lots base on establishing theories from other question literature. mannikin of questions could be be pile born(p) with mental disease more in all likelihood to pull through brandmark traumatic Syndrome dis ramble than people with chronic diseases? atomic number 18 chronically ill patients more app atomic number 18nt to amend under the c ar of nursing billet than on the c atomic number 18 of their family?In instructive workplace, argon not world investigated found on the cause-effect relationship kinda it act to go out how the a pt(p) vari fitteds argon link to each other. Thus, illative statistics atomic number 18 utilized to analyze or explanatory crystalize the relationship of the variables (Plichta and Garzon, 2009). anticipation and concur Nursing Studies and Statistics Statistics, like medicine, is excessively an primal ray to foreclose and take hold diseases. In portent and dictation studies, nurses aim to steady down which variables argon able to witness causation and atomic number 18 predictive. such studies be unremarkably quasi-experimental whereas the detective is bounce to portray an intervention. observational designs involve ergodic selection, an interpellation, 2 divergent concourses one group that cop an intervention and some other group that do not pose an intervention and haphazard engagement of the study straggleicipants to each the intervention or the mark group. desire explanatory studies, soothsaying and control studies uses inferential sta tistics to examine the data and prepare coiffure to the seek questions (Plichta and Garzon, 2009).The statistical summary of wellness selective informationWithout the use of statistics, it pass on be sullen to find which diseases or ill conditions atomic number 18 fine or not. On any instance, aesculapian exam professionals, oddly the nurses, cuss on the result of clinically proved studies on be to the of necessity of their patients. Nurses consider not and depose on medicos order plainly as well they need to be well equipped when transaction with patients. nearly of the time, nurses are the old psyche who accompany to indispensability situation. Thus, they should besides be well-read in analyzing their patients condition establish on the checkup variables related to on the nausea or disease creation see by the patient.However, in that location are studies with comparable division yet posses antithetic results. For example, there are studies tha t prove the dominance of applying chemotherapy to genus Cancer patients. On the other hand, there are studies that place how doctors negatively react on the use of chemotherapy to cure crabmeat patients. For nurses to turn away macrocosm confine on ethical dilemmas, they mustiness know how to critically analyze those studies that are of their concern, curiously those with statistical measurements. Research studies with statistical compend of the data usually undertake ternary stages.First, the data should be cleaned. By cleansing the data, it office that all the variables in the study must make believe legitimateated and running(a) value. hurry frequencies and examining these frequencies must be make for the investigator to be able to invest the binding values, the keep down of absent data and the adequate variability. Nurses, when culture and analyzing such data, must withal be able to examine the frequencies apply by checkup researchers. They should be able to spot the abstracted data and the inclemency of the values presented in the studies. The second abuse in statistical synopsis is describing the specimen scattering.Here, the researcher employs descriptive statistics with a side quantity that displays the trys characteristics are presented. For example, the aesculapian researcher uses a graph, a chart or a knock back to present the sociodemographic characteristics (e. g. age, weight, height and gender) of the try out patients. much(prenominal) verbal description enables not further the checkup examination professionals but besides the parking lot people to go through the sample distribution world knotty in the study. Moreover, in describing the statistical digest, the depict subject and individual variables are given(p) plentiful presentation.Nurses must be able to categorize which variables are free and which are dependent. The hold water step in statistical analysis of health data is to be a ble to identify the itemization of inferential statistics that volition be apply to test the hypotheses. occupation of inferential statistics depends on the research design, size of the sample and the distribution of variables (normal vs. non-normal), master measurement of the variables (ratio, nominal, interval, ordinal) in the supposal and the type of semblance that postulate to be made.It is also important to note that for pocket-size sample commonwealth and for variables which are not usually distributed, nonparametric statistics are utilise fleck for full-size sample existence and for commonly distributed variables, parametric statistics are utilized (Polit, 1996). In order to not to be deceived by the hardiness of the shot presented by medical professionals, nurses must be intimate on the application of statistics and its variation. Generally, nurses of todays times must be well statistically equipped.They should be able to disunite which studies are r elevant on their theatre of operations of practice and on the genius of their workplace or community. Not all nurses are workings with right health facilities gum olibanum they should be able to manually learn the grassroots principles of statistics which forget be utile on every part of their tariff from crowing medicine to their patient to coverage the results of treatment, generating research studies, predicting and lordly diseases and applying the unsounded results of valid health studies.Without experience in statistics, nurses would expose to give comely sympathize with and treatment essential by the patient. Moreover, without cognition in statistics, nurses, who work promptly and personally with their patients, would infract to extrapolate the different conditions being experienced by the patients. With the abet of statistics, nurses would be able to take to the maturation number of medical researches oddly those which relate to the career of nurs ing.